Nanotechnology, picotechnology, (technology of picometer sizes!), various kinds of functional materials (quantum dot, Metal Organic Framework [MOF]), nano-particulate material, and others

Biodegradable plastic, various kinds of biodegradable materials (cellulose nanofibers)

Next-generation energy, excluding oil or coal (for example, bioethanol)

Generating and storing electrical energy (aluminum–air battery, lithium ion battery, fuel cell battery, solar cell battery, and others).